Found this as a comment on Yahoo, not necessarily my opinion. What do you think?
General
intelligence is inherited and not equally distributed among human
races. IQ tests are designed to measure the general innate and immutable
mental capability that involves abstract and cognitive thinking,
spatial-relations skills, and logical reasoning. They are designed to
measure the ability to:
• solve novel problems
• retain knowledge and apply skills
• comprehend complex ideas
• plan and learn quickly and from experience
IQ tests are not designed to measure how much a person has learned, but rather whether a person is capable of learning.
Intelligence,
so defined, can be measured, and intelligence tests measure it well.
They are among the most accurate (in technical terms, reliable and
valid) of all psychological tests and assessments.
It
was discovered that people who did well on one mental test did well on
others, regardless of their content. It was reasoned that different
tests must draw on the same global capacity, and dubbed that capacity g,
for general intelligence.
Individual
differences in general cognitive ability are reliably measured by IQ
tests. IQ is strongly related, probably more than any other single
measurable trait, to many important educational, occupational, economic
and social variables. IQ is also correlated with a number of variables
of the brain, including its size, electrical potentials, and rate of
glucose metabolism during cognitive activity. Individual differences in
adult IQ are largely genetic, with heritability of about 70 percent.
So
far, attempts to raise IQ by educational or psychological means have
failed to show appreciable lasting effects on cognitive ability and
scholastic achievement. The IQ distribution between Blacks and Whites is
represented by two largely overlapping bell curves with their means
separated by about 15 points, a difference not due to test bias. IQ has
the same meaning and practical predictive validity for both groups.
Tests do not create differences; they merely reflect them.
The
average score is set at 100, and everyone is rated accordingly.
Expressed this way, IQs for a whole population can be arrayed on a
single graph. Roughly two-thirds of all Americans fall between 85 and
115, in the fat midsection of the bell-shaped curve, and 95 percent
score between 70 and 130.
By
computing a value known as the correlation coefficient, a scientist can
measure the degree of association between any two phenomena that are
plausibly linked. The correlation between unrelated variables is 0,
while phenomena that vary in perfect lock step have a correlation of 1. A
correlation of .4 would tell you that 40 percent of the variation in
one thing is matched by variation in another, while 60 percent of it is
not.
Current
estimates for heritability of IQ ranges up to 0.8 (where 1.0 indicates
that monozygotic twins have no variance in IQ and 0 indicates that their
IQs are completely uncorrelated). See the Minnesota Twin Family Study,
conducted from 1979 to 1999, which followed identical and fraternal
twins who were separated at an early age for some fascinating
revelations about the powerful influence of genes.
Studies
find no IQ correlation among grown adoptive siblings. But the typical
correlations are roughly .35 for half siblings (who share a quarter of
their genes), .47 for full siblings (who share half of their genes) and
.86 for identical twins (who share all their genes).
Millions
of IQ tests and psychometric experiments conducted world-wide over 100
years have been normed for every conceivable variable and bias, yet
demonstrate an intractable intellegence divide between Blacks and the
other races. Blacks score lowest on every intelligence test ever
devised, including "life". There has never been an IQ test administered
anywhere in the world where the racial rankings didn't follow the same
pattern; Asians, Whites, non-White Hispanics, and then finally Blacks.
Compared to Blacks, Whites' brains:
• are 7% larger (1438cc versus 1343cc)
• are 100 grams heavier
• have deeper fissuration in the frontal and occipital regions
• have more complex convolutions and larger frontal lobes
• have more pyramidal neurons
• have 16% thicker supra-grandular layer
• react faster on mental chronometry tests
•
have 600 million more neurons (each carries about 600 billion
synapses, which each carry one bit of cortical information)
Genes contribute to about 90% of the individual variation of brain size.
Blacks
are the only racial group with no DNA from the large-brained
Neanderthals, and also the only race without the derived form of MCPH1
microcephalin called haplogroup D which produces increased brain volume.
Racial
activist groups have tried to create their own tests to demonstrate
intellectual parity of the races and also attack the integrity of the
existing tests and have hired anti-bias experts, but the rankings are
always the same; African Blacks average a 70 IQ (only 2% of Whites score
this low), but American Blacks average 85 due to mixing with Whites
(28% on average), non-White Hispanics 87, Whites 100, Asians 106 and
Ashkenazi Jews 115.
Blacks
have by far the lowest IQs of any race; 80% score at or below the "low
functioning" category. In fact, only the top 16% of Blacks score as high
as the top 50% of Whites. Blacks are socially functional at 70 IQ
because that is only one standard deviation below their mean; that
equates to a White at 85 IQ.
Even
using tests created by Black psychologists and non-verbal tests
designed to be culture-free and unbiased, no amount of testing or
wishful thinking shows any improvement in Black IQ. Tests that only
require the subject to push buttons in response to flashing lights or
memorizing sequences of colored squares projected on a screen Blacks
perform worse than Whites, and the gap increases as the patterns become
more complicated. The test involves rows of colored squares where one
from each row has to be matched with another. More complex images which
have distinctive features linked by that feature to other images in an
increasing number of rows.
Another
test is a list of numbers read aloud and the subject has to repeat them
back in forward and reverse order. The subject is given a relevant fact
that has to be considered when making otherwise simple manipulations of
numbers and identify designated figures or characters in a given amount
of time. The "backward digit span" test is not reinforced by any
socialization and is not a taught skill for either race; Whites score
better at recalling digits presented in order, but recalling the digits
in reverse order requires mental transformation and is a good predictor
of IQ. The race gap for the backward digit span is twice as great as for
the forward test.
Raven’s
Progressive Matrices is a completely non-verbal test of pattern
recognition and reasoning and contains no culturally-specific
information, African Blacks scored 70 IQ. Interestingly, the mixed-race
students in South Africa had an IQ of 85 -- the same as Blacks in the
United States, Britain, and the Caribbean. This is a standard deviation
above pure Blacks, but also a standard deviation below Whites.
Genetics
limits an individuals' upper limit to IQ, and environment determines
how much of that innate genetic potential will be reached. No amount of
nurturing can make one exceed innate genetic potential.
The
IQ race gap doesn't begin to correlate firmly with adult IQ until about
age five, but studies reveal a one standard deviation race gap present
by age three.
In
the United States, self-identified Blacks and Whites have been the
subjects of the greatest number of studies. The tests show a Black-White
IQ difference of about 15 to 18 points (or about one standard
deviation) which implies that between 11 and 16 percent of the black
population have an IQ above 100 (the general population median).
Consistent results were found for college and university application
tests such as the Scholastic Aptitude Test and Graduate Record
Examination as well as for tests of job applicants in the corporate
sector and in the military.
The
least intelligent ten percent of Whites have IQs below 81; forty
percent of Blacks have IQs that low. Only one Black in six is more
intelligent than the average White; five Whites out of six are more
intelligent than the average Black. These differences show in every test
of general cognitive ability that anyone, of any race or nationality,
has yet been able to devise. And they are reflected in countless
everyday situations, “Life is an IQ test.”
Further,
only one-in-3.5 million (.00003%) African Blacks have an IQ of 140 or
higher (genius level). But one-in-83 (1.2%) U.S. Whites is a genius.
Therefore the per capita genius rate for U.S.-resident Whites is 41,000
times higher than it is for African Blacks.
The
IQ distribution for US-resident Blacks having an average IQ of 85 and a
standard deviation of 12.4 doesn't mean that there are no Blacks at all
with IQs above 140; it means that only one Black in about 218,000 will
have an IQ above 140. Meanwhile one-in-83 Whites have an IQ above 140.
So given equal sized populations there will be about 2,600 times more
White geniuses than Black geniuses. Since there are about 5.5 times more
Whites than Blacks in the United States, White geniuses will outnumber
Black geniuses by a ratio of about one-to-14,300. Therefore, if all the
White people in the USA were replaced by Blacks having the IQ
distribution of US-resident Blacks the number of geniuses in the country
would fall from about 2.4 million to only about 1,000.
For every one gifted Black there are 8 gifted Whites, 80% of gifted Blacks are mixed race.
Incidentally,
though the average IQ of East Asians is 6 points higher than the
average non-Jewish White, the percentage distribution of East Asians
with IQs above 140 is slightly lower. The reason for this is that the
range of cognitive variation among Whites is greater than among East
Asians. Specifically, Asians' IQs are more clustered around the mean;
therefore, Whites produce more geniuses, but also more morons.
Psychometricians
regard IQ tests as having high statistical reliability. A high
reliability implies that although test-takers may have varying scores
when taking the same test on differing occasions, and they may have
varying scores when taking different IQ tests at the same age, the
scores generally agree with one another and across time.
Standardized
intelligence testing has been called one of psychology's greatest
successes and is the field's most widely-used invention. Since
standardized tests were first used to identify learning-impaired
children in the early 1900s they have become one of the primary tools
for identifying children with learning disabilities, they assist the
military place new recruits, job screening and for evaluating
professional athletes.
Some
occupations seek candidates within specific IQ ranges. There was a
recent case where a police officer candidate was rejected after he
scored too high on an intelligence test.
The
NFL famously uses the Wonderlic test in their scouting combines and the
racial disparity is evident. Out of a perfect score of 50; offensive
tackles=26, centers=25, quarterback=24; versus safeties=19,
cornerbacks=18 and receivers=17.
Black-White IQ Distribution (Google: racial IQ bell curve):
Blacks:
5% above 110 IQ
16% above 100 IQ
40% above 90 IQ
70% above 80 IQ
30% below 80 IQ
18% below 75 IQ
10% below 70 IQ
Whites:
10% above 120 IQ
18% above 115 IQ
27% above 110 IQ
40% above 105 IQ
50% above 100 IQ
60% below 105 IQ
35% below 95 IQ
15% below 85 IQ
So, the top 16% of Black intellectual elites are only as intelligent as the top 50% of Whites.
As
the New York Times put it, "...the difference in I.Q. points between
the groups is quite significant.
It means that the top sixth of Blacks
score only as well on I.Q. tests as do the top half of Whites."
IQ
scores are used as predictors of educational achievement, special
needs, job performance and income. They are also used to study IQ
distributions in populations and the correlations between IQ and other
variables. The same is true for other cognitive tests such as No Child
Left Behind mandated state tests and NAEP tests. All of these cognitive
tests show the same racial patterns in test score distribution with
Ashkenazi Jews, East Asians (Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans), and Whites
showing higher scores than Pacific Islanders, Native Americans,
Hispanics, and Blacks showing lower scores.
The
scores on the SAT (especially the SAT-math) and the ACT are for all
practical purposes interchangeable with IQ test scores. In 2005, 153,132
Black Americans took the SAT test. They made up 10.4 percent of all SAT
test takers. But only 1,132 Black college-bound students scored 700 or
above on the math SAT and only 1,205 scored at least 700 on the verbal
SAT. On the math SAT, only 0.7 percent of all Black test takers scored
at least 700 compared to 6.3 percent of all White test takers. Thus,
Whites were nine times as likely as Blacks to score 700 or above on the
math SAT. Only 0.16 percent of all Black test takers scored 750 or above
compared to 1.8 percent of White test takers. Thus, Whites were more
than 11 times as likely as Blacks to score 750 or above on the math SAT.
This
gap is so significant that colleges give a "race bonus" of 230 points
to Blacks, 185 to non-White Hispanics and penalize Asians by 50 points,
all in an effort to help the low-IQ races gain admittance.
A
person's level of moral reasoning is correlated with intelligence.
Studies sequencing the stages of moral development support what we all
know; you have to be cognitively mature to reason morally. IQ tests
correlate with moral maturity.
There
is also a strong correlation between IQ and success. Economists have
started taking an interest in the value of human capital, particularly
the factor that psychologists call cognitive ability. In other words,
it’s the ability of a person to solve a problem most efficiently. Not
with violence, but by thinking. It is worth noting here that Blacks
possess 9.4 times more of the dysfunctional MAOA gene ("warrior gene")
and have mean testosterone levels 19% higher than in Whites, both
strongly correlated with impulsive, aggressive and violent behavior.
Researchers
collected information on 90 countries, including far-off lands from the
U.S. to New Zealand and Colombia to Kazakhstan. They also collected
data on the country’s excellence in science and technology, including
the number of patents granted per person and how many Nobel science
laureates the country’s people had won in science (there has never been a
Black Nobel science laureate).
They found that intelligence made a difference in gross domestic product. For example, some of the highest National IQs:
• 108 Singapore
• 106 South Korea
• 105 Japan
• 105 China
• 102 Italy
• 101 Iceland
• 101 Mongolia
• 101 Switzerland
• 100 Austria
• 100 Luxembourg
• 100 Netherlands
• 100 Norway
• 100 United Kingdom
And the lowest:
• 69 Malawi
• 69 Niger
• 68 Chad
• 68 Somalia
• 68 Swaziland
• 67 Guinea
• 67 Haiti
• 67 Liberia
• 66 Gambia
• 64 Cameroon
• 64 Gabon
• 64 Sierra Leone
• 64 Mozambique
• 59 Equatorial Guinea
Blacks are archaic proto-humans, a different species from Whites and Asians;
Blacks
are the only racial group with no DNA from the large-brained
Neanderthals who lived in Europe. The trans-Saharan African migrants
mated with the Neanderthals and Denisovans to create a composite hybrid
that is modern man. Therefore, we do not share a common ancestor.
The
farther north the populations migrated out of Africa, the more they
encountered the cognitively demanding problems of gathering and storing
food, gaining shelter, making clothes, and raising children during
prolonged winters. Consequently, as the original African populations
evolved into present-day Whites and Asians, they did so by hybridizing
with Neanderthals which created larger brains and greater intelligence,
but also slower rates of maturation, lower levels of sex hormones, and
concomitant reductions in sexual potency and aggressiveness, and
increases in family stability and social conformity.
Neanderthals
are a different species than Whites, and yet produced fertile offspring
(as do many interspecies hybrids). In fact all modern humans (Whites
and Asians) are products of that hybridization.
Blacks
have a genetic distance closer to archaic human than to modern human.
That genetic distance is farther apart than it is for many species.
Genetic
distance is a measure of the genetic divergence between species or
between populations within a species. Populations with many similar
genes have small genetic distances. This indicates that they are closely
related and have a recent common ancestor.
The
genetic distance between H.Sapien and H.Erectus is only 0.17, while the
genetic distance between Blacks and Eurasians is 0.23. Therefore Blacks
are more genetically proximate to archaic humans than to modern man
(Whites and Asians).
For
comparison, the genetic distance between Blacks and modern man is
greater than the genetic distance between the common chimpanzee and the
bonobo (0.103, or half the Black-White distance) and between the Gorilla
gorilla and the Gorilla beringei (0.04, or 1/6 the Black-White
distance). Thus, Whites and Blacks are more genetically distant than
two different chimpanzee species, two different gorilla species,
Eurasians and Neanderthals, and Eurasians and H.Erectus.
To
be taxonomically consistent Blacks and Whites should be classified into
separate species, or at the very least into different subspecies.
When
humans evolved from Blacks they hybridized with the large-brained
Neanderthals in southern Europe and created an increase in cranium
capacity and a heavier, more developed brain. Blacks are also the only
race without the derived form of MCPH1 microcephalin called haplogroup D
which produces increased brain volume and density.
Non-Black
humans average 4% Neanderthal DNA. This is significant because there is
only 1.5% difference between human and chimpanzee DNA. It is equivalent
to having one Neanderthal great-great-great-grandparent. Blacks are the
only race with no Neanderthal genes. Blacks also coexisted and
interbred with archaic sapiens (H.heidelbergensis) for longer than those
who left Africa. At least 30% of the Neanderthal genome made its way
into non-Black humans.
Blacks
are Humans 1.0; the other races evolved from Blacks and are Humans 2.0,
the improved version. They were formed by hybridization with the
large-brained Neanderthals which created larger, more complex brains:
• Blacks = 2% Archaic admixture
• Whites = 4% Neanderthal admixture
• Asians = Neanderthal + Denisovan
Pure H.Sapiens are Blacks; modern man (Whites and Asians) is mixed with Neanderthal and the improved version.
Blacks belong in the Stone Age, where they were found just 400 years ago.
Sub-Saharan
Blacks did not receive Neanderthal or Denisovan gene introgression,
which partly explains why Blacks are the most genetically distant of all
the human races.
However,
Blacks received significant gene introgression from other early (and
unknown) hominid species, which the other races do not have because they
left sub-Sahara before the introgression occurred. These early hominids
remain "unknown" due to the simple fact that their DNA has not been
retrieved nor sequenced, Only Neandertal and Denisovan DNA have been,
thus far.
Forensic
scientists can determine race by cranium shape; Blacks have a small
frontal lobe and sloping frontal plane and a smaller cranium-to-mandible
ratio. Whites have the largest craniums, an almost vertical frontal
slope and a massive frontal lobe. The Asian is very similar and also
more evolved. It is the frontal lobe that separates our behavior most
from the animals and is responsible for language and rational thought.
Blacks
show primitive traits associated with lower primates, such as
prognathism, which is the slope of the face from the forehead to the
jaws. A protruding jaw is associated with a sloping forehead which
indicates a smaller prefrontal cortex, the area of the brain that
handles planning, inhibition and self-control.
Blacks
have more robust cranial bones, simpler cranial sutures, a higher rate
of unclosed sutures, a lower cephalic index, a higher rate of saggital
keel, more post-orbital constriction, a more sloped forehead, more
rectangular eye sockets, a wider nasal index, less nasal prominence, a
higher rate of joined nasal bones, a higher rate of sub-nasal
prognathism, a lower facial angle, the presence of the "Simian shelf", a
more rectangular palate, larger and wider-apart teeth, fur instead of
hair, less spinal curvature, shorter spinal length, a lower sacral
index, and longer arms and legs.
At
birth Africans have fewer cranial bones than Eurasians. The skull and
other bones in Blacks are thicker and denser, even in the fetus, making
them more difficult to break. The Black skull is smaller, with less
space in the forehead, but proportionately more at the back.
Blacks
are the only racial group with no DNA from the large-brained
Neanderthals, and also the only race without the derived form of MCPH1
microcephalin called haplogroup D which produces increased brain volume
and density. This is why their brains are smaller, and less complex.
Eurasian
women have a wider pelvic inlet, and shallower anteroposterior outlet
than Black women due to the difference in brain size.
Larger
brains contain more neurons and synapses and process information
faster. By adulthood, East Asians average 1 cubic inch more cranial
capacity than Whites who average 5 cubic inches more than Blacks.
The
average White brain is 1438cc while the average Black brain is 1343cc,
or 93% of the average White brain. The heritability of brain size is
extremely strong at 0.90 and not one study to date has shown larger
brain size for Blacks. The White and Asians brain also has a higher
degree of fissuring (higher complexity) in the cerebral cortex of their
brains, where abstract and conceptual thought is performed.
Based
on studies of brain weight at autopsy, endocranial volume of empty
skulls, head size measurements by the U.S. military and NASA, and two
dozen MRI volumetric studies Blacks' brain size is 7% smaller than
Whites', and 8% smaller than Asians'. There is a correlation of brain
size with IQ of about 0.40 and that these racial differences in brain
size are present at birth. Genes contribute to about 90% of the
individual variation of brain size.
In
addition to brain size are differences in brain shape, fissuration,
number of pyramidal neurons and supra-grandular layer thickness. The
depth of fissuration is related to superior intelligence and the brains
of Whites have deeper fissures in the frontal and occipital regions. The
supra-grandular layer of Blacks' brains is 16% smaller than it is for
Whites' brains.
The
average human brain contains 86 billion neurons. Whites, on average,
have 600 million more neurons than Blacks. Each neuron carries about 600
billion synapses, each of which carries, as a minimum, one bit of
cortical information.
Further,
this reflects what we observe in real life (including the large and
persistent so-called "Achievement Gap"). People have made long-term
observations of the different races and reached rational conclusions;
the more White a society is the more prosperous, inventive and safe it
is. 19 of the 20 poorest countries are sub-Saharan African (Haiti). In
sub-Saharan Africa the only countries that could be considered
successful were White-governed, (Rhodesia and S. Africa). To this day
they still can't even feed themselves even though they lived alone in
Africa, a vast continent with temperate climates and abundant resources,
for 60,000 years. So they cannot blame racism, poverty, imperialism or
anything else for their failures.
Sub-Saharan
Africans have never made a contribution to the world. No pre-contact
sub-Saharan African society ever created a written language (or even
words for abstract ideas), weaved cloth, forged steel, invented the
wheel or plow, or devised a calendar or code of laws or any social
organization, or system of measurement or math or built a multi-story
structure or bridge or sewer or road or railway or a sea-worthy vessel,
domesticated animals, exploited underground natural resources or
produced anything that could be considered a mechanical device.
IQ distribution by race/ethnicity:
• Ashkenazi Jews = 115
• East Asians = 106
• Whites = 100
• South East Asians = 87
• Non-White Hispanics = 86
• American Blacks = 85 (average 28% White admixture)
• Middle East and North Africans = 84
• Sub-Saharan Blacks = 67 (Only 2% of Whites score this low)
• Australian Aborigines = 62
Sub-Saharan
Africans never even created a written language. It was the White
colonialists who gave the gift of literacy to them.
No
pre-contact sub-Saharan African society ever created a written language
or words for abstract ideas, weaved cloth, forged steel, invented the
wheel or plow or devised a calendar or code of laws or any social
organization or formal religion or system of measurement or math or
built a multi-story structure or bridge or sewer or infrastructure of
any kind and they never harnessed a river or even drilled well or
irrigation or road or railway or sea-worthy vessel, they never
domesticated animals or exploited underground natural resources,
understood the biological origins of disease, or produced anything that
could be considered a mechanical device.
Blacks
are the oldest race, so they should be the most advanced race; but they
they never developed at all and had to be domesticated by Whites.
Civilization
didn't occur until early humans hybridized with Neanderthals. Only
after the hybridization were advanced societies created. Blacks, who
never hybridized with Neanderthals, never created a civilization and
were still living in the Stone Age when Whites discovered them just 400
years ago.
Hybridizing
with the large-brained Neanderthals produced a modern human (Whites and
Asians) with an increase in cranium capacity and a heavier, more
developed brain. Blacks are also the only race without the derived form
of MCPH1 microcephalin called haplogroup D which produces increased
brain volume and density.
Blacks
lived alone in sub-Saharan Africa, a vast continent with temperate
climates and abundant resources for 60,000 years; so they cannot blame
racism, poverty, imperialism or anything else for their failures.
How
could they live with all that shoreline and never think about putting a
sail on a ship like every other culture did? Columbus sailed across the
ocean 500 years ago --- Blacks STILL are incapable of such a feat.
19
of the 20 poorest countries are sub-Saharan African (Haiti). There has
never been a successful Black country. No modern creations or
civilization exists in sub-Saharan Africa that was not brought there by
Whites. There are no White Third-World nations, but all Black ones are.
Blacks
are the only race incapable of caring for themselves. Whites still have
to provide food, medical, financial and engineering aid to Africans.
They couldn't survive without White charity. Blacks became an
out-of-control invasive species after Whites domesticated them.
The
41 nations of sub-Saharan Africa produce no more wealth than the tiny
country of Belgium, which has only 1/45 the population. Of all of the
region’s economic production, White-run South Africa accounts for
three-quarters. That Whites are only 8% of South Africa's population, it
demonstrates how productive and industrious Whites are that so relative
few can carry the load for so many unproductive Blacks. But a
constantly A constantly dwindling number of Whites are at the mercy of a
predatory welfare class and it’s possible they can’t and won’t carry
the rest of the population. If things get worse for them, they will
simply flee the country.
Sub-Saharan
Africans have never made a contribution to the world. Blacks can only
achieve either because they are mixed with White genes or because they
reside in White societies. Blacks are unable to achieve within their own
race because not enough of them are smart enough to build a sufficient
infrastructure. If allowed to become too numerous they destroy
previously-thriving and safe White cities.
This
is why Blacks seethe with jealousy and hatred of Whites yet can't seem
to stay away because they want what we create and maintain, no matter if
they deserve it or not. They want our peaceful and clean neighborhoods,
our law and order, our technology and science, our school systems, our
inventions, the jobs we create, the food we grow, the transportation we
invent, the entertainment we provide..... Blacks hate us but can't live
without us. That's why they demand that we take care of them and give
them special rights and privileges that we don't grant ourselves, just
to compensate for their inability at living in a modern and
technologically-advanced civilization.
Some groups succeed all the time, everywhere. Some have never succeeded anywhere.
Blacks
are the oldest race, so they should be the most advanced race; but they
they never developed at all and had to be domesticated by Whites.
Civilization
didn't occur until early humans hybridized with Neanderthals. Only
after the hybridization were advanced societies created. Blacks, who
never hybridized with Neanderthals, never created a civilization and
were still living in the Stone Age when Whites discovered them just 400
years ago.
Hybridizing
with the large-brained Neanderthals produced a modern human (Whites and
Asians) with an increase in cranium capacity and a heavier, more
developed brain. Blacks are also the only race without the derived form
of MCPH1 microcephalin called haplogroup D which produces increased
brain volume and density.
Blacks
lived alone in sub-Saharan Africa, a vast continent with temperate
climates and abundant resources for 60,000 years; so they cannot blame
racism, poverty, imperialism or anything else for their failures.
Google: "race and IQ", "national IQ", "race and MAOA gene",
"Neanderthal DNA", "smaller black brains", "correlation brain size and
IQ", "achievement gap", "IQ correlation to achievement", "NIH Blacks 21%
greater testosterone", Cumoe, D. & Thorne, A. - 2003. Number of
Ancestral Human Species: a Molecular Perspective, Rushton, J. Philippe;
Jensen, Arthur R (2005). "Thirty Years of Research on Race Differences
in Cognitive Ability", Psychology, Public Policy and Law 11 (2): 246–8,
Current Biology, Vol. 13, R134–R136, February 18, 2003, ©2003 Elsevier
Science Ltd. PII S0960-9822(03)00074-5; Categorization of humans in
biomedical research: genes, race and disease -- Genome Biology 2002.
Racial
brain size differences: Whole Brain Size and General Mental Ability: A
Review, Int J Neurosci. 2009 Apr; 119(5): 692–732, PMCID: PMC2668913.
Rutgers Anthropologist Sets Record Straight on Brain Size and Race. A
NYT article that shows claims of racism in measuring skulls was false:
Scientists Measure the Accuracy of a Racism Claim. Mismeasuring Skulls:
New Research Resolves Historical Controversy, Shows Science Resists
Bias; Stanford Department of Anthropology. Brain size, IQ, and
racial-group differences: Evidence from musculoskeletal traits,
J.Philippe Rushton, Intelligence Volume 31, Issue 2, March–April 2003,
Pages 139–155. Thirty Years of Research on Race Differences in Cognitive
Ability, Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 2005, Vol. 11, No. 2,
235–294, Copyright 2005 by the American Psychological Association, DOI:
10.1037/1076-8971.11.2.235
Genetic Distance:
ESTIMATION OF THE COANCESTRY COEFFICIENT: BASIS FOR A SHORT-TERM GENETIC DISTANCE
John Reynolds, B. S. Weir, C. Clark Cockerham
Genetics November 1, 1983 vol. 105 no. 3 767-779
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One standard deviation racial IQ gap by age three: (Broman et al, Montie and Fagan, Brooks-Gunn, Klebanov and Duncan)
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