Grab your tinfoil hats. It’s time to get paranoid.
Conspiracy #1: The government is watching me and ruining my reputation.
The Truth: The FBI’s COINTELPRO did it for 15 years.
The FBI has never been a fan of critics. During the second Red Scare,
the Bureau fought dissenters, launching a covert program called
COINTELPRO. Its mission? To “expose, disrupt, misdirect, discredit, or
otherwise neutralize” rebellious people and groups.
Under COINTELPRO, the FBI oversaw 2000 subversive smear operations.
Agents bugged phones, forged documents, and planted false reports to
create a negative public image of dissenters. COINTELPRO targeted hate
groups like the KKK, but it also kept close watch on the “New Left,”
like civil rights marchers and women’s rights activists. It tracked
Muhammad Ali, Malcolm X, John Lennon, and Ernest Hemingway.
Few, however, were watched as closely as Martin Luther King Jr. After
MLK gave his famous “I Have a Dream” speech, this memo floated through
FBI offices:
“In the light of King’s powerful demagogic speech
yesterday he stands heads and shoulders over all other Negro leaders put
together when it comes to influencing great masses of Negros. We must
mark him now, if we have not done so before, as the most dangerous Negro
of the future in this nation from the standpoint of communism, the
Negro, and national security.”
King became an unofficial Enemy of State. Agents tracked his every
move, performing a “complete analysis of the avenues of approach aimed
at neutralizing King as an effective Negro leader." When a wiretap
revealed King’s extramarital affair, the FBI sent him an
anonymous letter,
predicting that blackmail was in his future. “You are a colossal fraud
and an evil, vicious one at that,” the letter said. A month later, MLK
accepted the Nobel Peace Prize.
COINTELPRO shut down in 1971, although the FBI continued to monitor certain groups. In the 1990s, it tracked
PETA and put members of
Greenpeace on its terror watch list.
Conspiracy #2: The government is trying to control my mind.
The Truth: The government has invested millions in mind control technologies.
Who doesn’t want a telepathic ray gun? The U.S. Army sure does. It’s
already researched a device that could beam words into your skull,
according to the 1998 report
"Bioeffects of Selected Nonlethal Weapons."
The report says that, with the help of special microwaves, “this
technology could be developed to the point where words could be
transmitted to be heard like the spoken word, except that it could only
be heard within a person’s head.” The device could “communicate with
hostages” and could “facilitate a private message transmission.”
In 2002, the Air Force Research laboratory patented a
similar microwave device. Rep. Dennis Kucinich seemed concerned, because one year earlier, he proposed the
Space Preservation Act, which called for a ban of all “Psychotronic weapons.” It didn’t pass.
The mind games don’t stop there. The CIA’s massive mind control
experiment, Project MKUltra, remains the pet project of paranoid people
everywhere. Beginning in the early 1950s, the CIA started asking strange
questions in memos, like:
“Can we get control of an individual to the point where
he will do our bidding against his will and even against fundamental
laws of nature, such as self-preservation?”
In April 1953, the CIA decided to find out. The Agency wanted to
develop drugs that could manipulate Soviet spies and foreign
leaders—essentially, a truth serum. The CIA brimmed with other ideas,
too, but Director Allen Dulles complained that there weren’t enough
“human guinea pigs to try these extraordinary techniques.”
That lack of test subjects drove the CIA to wander off the ethical
deep-end, leading the Agency to experiment on unwitting Americans.
About 80 institutions—44 of them colleges—housed MKUltra labs. There,
the CIA toyed with drugs like LSD and heroin, testing if the substances
“could potentially aid in discrediting individuals, eliciting
information, and implanting suggestions and other forms of mental
control.” The CIA tested LSD and barbiturates on mental patients,
prisoners, and addicts. It also injected LSD in over 7000 military
personnel without their knowledge. Many suffered psychotic episodes.
The CIA tried its hand at erasing people’s memories, too. Project
ARTICHOKE tested how well hypnosis and morphine could induce amnesia.
And when the CIA wasn’t trying to develop a memory-killing equivalent of
the neurolyzer from Men in Black, it studied Chinese brainwashing
techniques: Project QKHILLTOP examined ancient mind-scrambling methods
to make interrogations easier.
In the wake of the Watergate scandal, the CIA destroyed hundreds of
thousands of MKUltra documents. Only 20,000 escaped the shredder, and
the CIA shifted its efforts from mind control to clairvoyance. In the
mid 1970s, it launched the Stargate Project, which studied the shadowy
phenomenon of “remote viewing.” (That is, the CIA investigated if it
were possible to see through walls—with your mind.) The project closed
in 1995. A final memo concluded:
“Even though a statistically significant effect has been
observed in the laboratory, it remains unclear whether the existence of a
paranormal phenomenon, remote viewing, has been demonstrated.”
Conspiracy #3: The government is poisoning me.
The Truth: It poisoned alcohol supplies to curb drinking during prohibition.
Library of Congress
As the '20s roared, alcoholism soared. Booze was banned, but
speakeasies were everywhere. Few people followed the law, so the
Treasury Department started enforcing it differently—by poisoning the
watering hole.
Most liquor in the 1920s was made from industrial alcohol, used in
paints, solvents, and fuel. Bootleggers stole about 60 million gallons a
year, redistilling the swill to make it drinkable. To drive rumrunners
away, the Treasury Department started poisoning industrial hooch with
methyl alcohol. But bootleggers kept stealing it, and people started
getting sick.
When dealers noticed something wrong, they hired chemists to renature
the alcohol, making it drinkable again. Dismayed, the government threw a
counterpunch and added more poison—kerosene, gasoline, chloroform, and
higher concentrations of methyl alcohol. Again, it didn’t deter
drinking; the booze business carried on as usual.
By 1928, most of the liquor circulating in New York City was toxic.
Despite increased illness and death, the Treasury didn’t stop tainting
industrial supplies until the 18th amendment was repealed in 1933.
Conspiracy #4: The government is germ-bombing its own people.
The Truth: It was a common practice during the Cold War.
NASA
From 1940 to 1970, America was a giant germ laboratory. The U.S. Army
wanted to assess how vulnerable America was to a biological attack, so
it spread clouds of microbes and chemicals over populated areas
everywhere.
In 1949, the Army Special Operations released bacteria into the
Pentagon’s air conditioning system to observe how the microbes spread
(the bacteria were reportedly harmless). In 1950, a U.S. Navy ship
sprayed Serratia Marcescens—a common bacteria capable of minor
infection—from San Francisco Bay. The bacteria floated over 30 miles,
spread through the city, and may have caused one death.
A year later, during Operation DEW, the U.S. Army released 250 pounds
of cadmium sulfide off the Carolina coast, which spread over 60,000
square miles. The military didn’t know that cadmium sulfide was
carcinogenic, nor did it know that it could cause kidney, lung, and
liver damage. In the 1960s, during Project 112 and Project SHAD,
military personnel were exposed to nerve agents like VX and sarin and
bacteria like E. coli without their knowledge.
At least 134 similar experiments were performed.
President Nixon ended offensive tests of the US biological weapons program in 1969.
Conspiracy #5: The government is spreading disease with insects of war.
The Truth: You may have been attacked by a six-legged soldier, but you’re fine.
Wikimedia Commons
In 1955, the military dropped
330,000 yellow fever mosquitoes
from an aircraft over Georgia. The campaign was cleverly called
Operation Big Buzz, and the mosquitoes buzzed their way to residential
areas. In 1956, Operation Drop Kick dropped 600,000 more mosquitoes over
an Air Force base in Florida.
In both cases, the mosquitoes did not carry any disease. They were
test weapons, part of the military’s entomological warfare team, which
studied the bugs' ability to disperse and attack. Results found that the
six-legged soldiers successfully feasted on humans and guinea pigs
placed near the drop area.
In 1954, Operation Big Itch dropped 300,000 rat fleas in the Western
Utah Desert. The military wanted to test if fleas could effectively
carry and transmit disease. During one test, a bug-bomb failed to drop,
cracking open inside the plane. The fleas swarmed the cabin, biting
everybody aboard.
At the time, the military planned to build an insect farm, a facility
that could produce 100 million infected mosquitoes per month. Multiple
Soviet cities were marked with buggy bullseyes.
Conspiracy #6: The government has exposed me to harmful radiation.
The Truth: If you’re over 50, it’s possible.
Getty Images
“It is desired that no documents be released which refers
to experiments with humans and might have adverse effect on public
opinion or result in legal suits. Documents covering such work field
should be classified ‘secret.’” –Atomic Energy Commission memo, 1947
In the late 1980s, the U.S. House Committee on Energy and Commerce released a damning report called “
American Nuclear Guinea Pigs:
Three Decades of Radiation Experiments on U.S. Citizens.” The report
spotlighted Operation Green Run, a military test at a Washington
plutonium facility. There, in 1949, managers purposefully released a
massive cloud of radioactive iodine-131 to test how far it could travel
downwind. Iodine-131 and xenon-133 reportedly traveled as far as the
California-Oregon border, infecting 500,000 acres. It’s believed that
8000 curies of radioactive iodine floated out of the factory. To put
that into perspective, in 1979, Three Mile Island emitted around 25
curies of radioactive iodine.
The report showed that the military planned 12 similar radiation releases at other facilities.
The government sponsored smaller tests, too. In the late 1950s,
mentally disabled children at Sonoma State Hospital were fed irradiated
milk. None gave consent. In Tennessee, 829 pregnant mothers took a
vitamin drink to improve their baby’s health. The mothers weren’t told
the “vitamin” was actually radioactive iron. In Massachusetts, the U.S.
Atomic Energy Commission fed 73 mentally disabled children oatmeal. The
secret ingredient? Radioactive calcium. (Officials told the kids that if
they ate the porridge, they would join a “science club.”) From 1960 to
1971, the Department of Defense conducted whole body radiation
experiments on black cancer patients, who thought they were receiving
treatment. Instead, the DOD used the test to calculate how humans
reacted to high levels of radiation.
The United States also conducted hundreds of unannounced nuclear tests. In 1957,
Operation Plumbob
saw 29 nuclear explosions boom in America’s southwest. The explosions,
which 18,000 soldiers watched nearby, released 58 curies of radioactive
iodine—enough radiation to cause 11,000 to 212,000 cases of thyroid
cancer. Through the 1950s alone, over 400,000 people became “atomic
veterans.” Many didn’t know it.
Conspiracy #7: The government is staging terrorist attacks on itself.
The Truth: Military officials once suggested staging phony terrorist attacks to justify war with Cuba.
Wikimedia Commons
In the early 1960s, the Joint Chiefs of Staff proposed the
impossible: an American attack on America. The plan suggested fake
terrorist attacks on US cities and bases. The goal? To blame Cuba and
drum up support for war.
Officials called the proposal
Operation Northwoods.
The original memo suggested that, “We could develop a communist Cuban
terror campaign in the Miami area, in other Florida cities, and even in
Washington.”
Northwoods suggested that US personnel could disguise themselves as
Cuban agents. These undercover soldiers could burn ammunition and sink
ships in the harbor at Guantanamo Bay. “We could blow up a US ship and
blame Cuba,” the memo says.
Northwoods also included a plan to “sink a boatload of Cubans en
route to Florida (real or simulated)" and suggested “an incident which
will demonstrate that a Cuban aircraft has attacked and shot down a
charter civil airline.” Officials planned to fake a commercial
hijacking, secretly landing the plane while an identical drone crashed
nearby.
When the attacks finished, the government would release incriminating
documents “substantiating Cuban involvement. . .World opinion and the
United Nations forum should be favorably affected by developing the
international image of the Cuban government as rash and irresponsible.”
President Kennedy rejected the proposal.
Conspiracy #8: The government is manipulating the media.
The Truth: From 1948 to 1972, over 400 journalists secretly carried out assignments for the CIA.
If you think the spinning on news channels today is bad, imagine what it’d be like if the CIA still steered the ship. Under
Operation Mockingbird, the CIA’s sticky fingers touched over 300 newspapers and magazines, including
The New York Times, Newsweek, and the
Washington Post.
Over 400 journalists were in cahoots with the CIA. They promoted the
Agency’s views and provided services: spying in foreign countries,
gathering intelligence, and publishing reports written by the Agency.
Sometimes, CIA Head Frank Wisner commissioned journalists to write
pro-government articles at home and abroad. And, as if a CIA spin
weren’t enough, the Agency also paid editors to keep anti-government
pieces off the presses. Journalists with ties to the CIA also planted
false intelligence in newsrooms so that unconnected reporters would pick
it up and write about it.
The CIA teamed up with journalists because many reporters had strong
foreign ties. A journalist reporting from abroad could gather
information that the CIA couldn’t, and he could plant propaganda better,
too.
Although a congressional hearing in the 1970s put an end to inside
jobs, Big Brother still manipulates markets elsewhere. In 2005, the
government spent $300 million placing pro-American messages in foreign
media outlets—an attempt to hamper extremists and sway support.